DASH diet - Wikipedia. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is a dietary pattern promoted by the U. S.- based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (part of the National Institutes of Health . The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low- fat dairy foods; includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans; and is limited in sugar- sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well- balanced approach to eating for the general public. DASH is recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as one of its ideal eating plans for all Americans. Recipe for Magnesium/Bicarbonate Water Natural mineral waters with high concentrations of magnesium and bicarbonate ions have long been prized for their health. Michigan State University Extension 124 With the traditional Western diet, the average American consumes about double the protein her or his body needs. Additionally, the main sources. None of the plans were vegetarian, but the DASH plan incorporated more fruits and vegetables, low fat or nonfat dairy, beans, and nuts than the others studied. The DASH diet reduced systolic blood pressure by 6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 3 mm Hg in patients with high normal blood pressure (formerly called . Those with hypertension dropped by 1. Hg, respectively. These changes in blood pressure occurred with no changes in body weight. The DASH dietary pattern is adjusted based on daily caloric intake ranging from 1,6. Omni. Heart demonstrated that partial replacement of carbohydrate with either protein (about half from plant sources) or with unsaturated fat (mostly monounsaturated fat) can further reduce blood pressure, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol, and coronary heart disease risk. News & World Report's annual . The higher the BP, the greater is the chance of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to propose funding to further research the role of dietary patterns on blood pressure. In 1. 99. 2 the NHLBI worked with five of the most well- respected medical research centers in different cities across the U. S. The DASH study used a rigorous design called a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and it involved teams of physicians, nurses, nutritionists, statisticians, and research coordinators working in a cooperative venture in which participants were selected and studied in each of these five research facilities. The chosen facilities and locales for this multi- center study were: (1) Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, (2) Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, (3) Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland, Oregon, (4) Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and (5) Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The standardized multi- center protocol is an approach used in many large- scale multi- center studies funded by the NHLBI. A unique feature of the DASH diet was that the foods and menu were chosen based on conventionally consumed food items so it could be more easily adopted by the general public if results were positive. The nutritional conceptualization of the DASH meal plans was based in part on this research. The control diet was low in potassium, calcium, magnesium and fiber and featured a fat and protein profile so that the pattern was consistent with a . Magnesium and Potassium levels were close to the 7.
U. S. The second experimental diet was high in fruits- and- vegetables and in low- fat dairy products, as well as lower in overall fat and saturated fat, with higher fiber and higher protein compared with the control diet. One of the unique features of the DASH study was that dietary patterns rather than single nutrients were being tested. The sample population consisted of healthy men and women with an average age of 4. Hg and diastolic blood pressures within 8. Hg. African- American and other minority groups were planned to comprise 6. In the screening phase, participants were screened for eligibility based on the combined results of blood pressure readings. In the 3 week run- in phase, each subject was given the control diet for 3 weeks, had their blood pressure measurements taken on each of five separate days, gave one 2. At this point, subjects who were compliant with the feeding program during the screening phase were each randomly assigned to one of the three diets outlined above, to begin at the start of the 4th week. The intervention phase followed next; this was an 8- week period in which the subjects were provided the diet to which they had been randomly assigned. Blood pressures and urine samples were collected again during this time together with symptom & physical activity recall questionnaires. The first group of study subjects began the run- in phase of the trial in September 1. January 1. 99. 6. Participants were also given two packets of salt, each containing 2. Alcohol was limited to no more than two beverages per day, and caffeine intake was limited to no more than three caffeinated beverages. The minority portion of the study sample and the hypertensive portion both showed the largest reductions in blood pressure from the combination diet against the control diet. The hypertensive subjects experienced a drop of 1. Hg in their systolic and 5. Hg in their diastolic phases. The data indicated that reductions in blood pressure occurred within two weeks of subjects. At the end of the intervention phase, 1. Apart from only one subject (on the control diet) who was suffering from cholecystitis, other gastrointestinal symptoms had a low rate of incidence. DASH- Sodium study. The DASH- Sodium trial was conducted from September 1. November 1. 99. 9. Like the previous study, it was based on a large sample (4. The DASH diet was the same as in the previous DASH study. After being assigned to one of these two diets, the participants were given diets that differed by 3 distinct levels of sodium content, corresponding to 3,0. The 3. 0- day intervention phase followed, in which subjects ate their assigned diets at each of the aforementioned sodium levels (high, intermediate and low) in random order, in a crossover design. The secondary outcome was diastolic blood pressure. The DASH- Sodium study found that reductions in sodium intake produced significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both the control and DASH diets. Study results indicate that the quantity of dietary sodium in the control diet was twice as powerful in its effect on blood pressure as it was in the DASH diet. Importantly, the control diet sodium reductions from intermediate to low correlated with greater changes in systolic blood pressure than those same changes from high to intermediate (change equal to roughly 4. These results led researchers to postulate that the adoption of a national lower daily allowance for sodium than the currently held 2,4. Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend eating a diet of 2. DASH- Sodium study. The DASH diet and the control diet at the lower salt levels were both successful in lowering blood pressure, but the largest reductions in blood pressure were obtained by eating a combination of these two (i. DASH diet). The effect of this combination at a sodium level of 1,5. Hg (systolic/diastolic). The hypertensive subjects experienced an average reduction of 1. Hg. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (2. Government Printing Office. Retrieved December 1. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2. 2 Oct 2. News Best Diet Rankings. News & World Report Wellness. News & World Report LP. Retrieved 1. 4 May 2. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Department of Health and Human Services. Annals of Epidemiology. The New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society. The DASH Diet for Hypertension. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Southern California Urology Institute. Retrieved 2. 1 April 2. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. Lyndhurst, Ohio: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. M.; Miller, Edgar R.; Copeland, Trisha; Charleston, Jeanne; Harshfield, Benjamin J.; Laranjo, Nancy; Mc. Carron, Phyllis (2. The DASH Diet Solution and 6. Day Weight Loss and Fitness Journal. Los Angeles, California: Learning Visions. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 9. Liebman, Bonnie (October 1. Nowlan, Sandra (2. Delicious DASH Flavours: The proven, drug- free, doctor- recommended approach to reducing high blood pressure. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 8. Sacks, Frank M; Svetkey, Laura; Vollmer, William; Appel, Lawrence; Bray, George; Harsha, David; Obarzanek, Eva; Conlin, Paul; et al. New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society sunshinehs. VIDEO - Which Diet Works: A Nutritional Review. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Women's Heart Foundation. Gram flour - Wikipedia. Gram flour or besan (Hindi: . It is a staple ingredient in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent, including in Indian, Bangladeshi, Burmese, Nepali, Pakistani and Sri Lankan cuisines. Gram flour can be made from either raw or roasted gram beans. The roasted variety is more flavorful, while the raw variety has a slightly bitter taste. In the form of a paste with water or yogurt, it is also popular as a facialexfoliant in the Indian Subcontinent. This popular street food is called farinata in Italian cuisine, fain. It is used to make panelle, a fritter in Sicilian cuisine. In Spanish cuisine, gram flour is an ingredient for tortillitas de camarones. Also in Cyprus and Greece, it is used as a garnishing ingredient for the funeral ritual food Koliva, blessed and eaten during Orthodox Memorial services. North Africa. A similar famous dish is prepared in Algeria called Garantita or Karantita (believed to be originated from the Spanish term Calentica that means hot . Archived from the original on 2. Nutrition Data: Nutrition Facts and Calorie Counter. Celiac Sprue Association. Archived from the original on 2. Archived from the original on January 6, 2. Retrieved January 6, 2. Retrieved July 1.
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